Abstract

This paper explores the fabulated mythic histories, utopian fantasies, and spiritual visions of Hollywood screenwriter-turned right-wing mystic William Dudley Pelley. Pelley founded the Silver Legion, a fascist paramilitary with a peak membership of 15,000, in 1933. He fell into obscurity after his 1942 imprisonment. His followers, however, became many of the 20th century’s most influential far right leaders, developing Pelley’s ideas into a modern vision of Christian ethno-nationalism, achieved through a mixed campaign of cultural revision and militia terrorism. While social histories have illuminated the mechanics of interwar far right movements, and suggested their transnational character, more work remains on the intellectual and aesthetic vision of the far right during this foundational period. By tracing Pelley’s liaisons with European far right intellectuals, including Rene Guenon and Julius Evola, this paper demonstrates that Pelley participated in a transnational intellectual exchange that strove to envision a world after liberalism, a world divided into distinct civilizational empires. Pelley, his peers, and his successors, posited a human subject defined by heritable cultural identities, and therefore organized into discrete collectives; they fought to overturn a world order based on the principle of universal human equality. This paper suggests an intellectual foundation supporting the contemporary American right’s pursuit of religious-ethno-national homogeneity, as well as the harmony between this project and that of other global right wing movements -- for example, Russian Eurasianism, whose intellectual leaders emerged from a similar interwar milieu as Pelley. 

Presenter Biography

Sam Levin is a PhD student in the American Studies program at Yale University. He studies the intellectual history of the global right, as well as transnational exchange among fascist social movements of the interwar era.